Yugoslavia formed

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Yugoslavia is formed by merging Serbia with several territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Czechoslovakia formed

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Czechoslovakia is formed by merging several territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Battle of the Sambre

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Part of the Hundred Days Offensive: The Allied victory at the Battle of the Sambre is the final operation of the Hundred Days Offensive.

Battle of Sharqat

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British-Indian troops secure a decisive victory at the Battle of Sharqat in Mesopotamia (now Iraq).

Battle of the Selle

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Part of the Hundred Days Offensive: The Allies are victorious at the Battle of the Selle.

Battle of Courtai

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Part of the Hundred Days Offensive: The Allies are victorious at the Battle of Courtrai.

Battle of the Canal du Nord

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Part of the Hundred Days Offensive: British, Canadian and New Zealand troops enjoy success at the Battle of the Canal du Nord.

Battle of Megiddo

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British Empire troops conquer Palestine following the decisive victory at Megiddo (including the Battles of Sharon, Nablus, Nazareth and Haifa).

Battle of Épehy

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Part of the Hundred Days Offensive: The Allies secure victory at the Battle of Épehy.

Vardar Offensive

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The Allies launch the Vardar Offensive, the decisive attack against the Bulgarians on the Salonika front.

Battle of Havrincourt

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Part of the Hundred Days Offensive: British and New Zealand troops secure victory at the Battle of Havrincourt.

Dunsterforce in Baku

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The Dunsterforce, formed of British Empire troops, arrives at Baku in Azerbaijan to secure the oil fields from the Bolsheviks and Ottomans, and protect British interests in the region. It is forced to evacuate in the face of overwhelming Ottoman opposition.

Second Battle of the Somme

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Part of the Hundred Days Offensive: British Empire and American troops are victorious during the Second Battle of the Somme.

Battle of Amiens

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Part of the Hundred Days Offensive: The Germans are defeated at the Battle of Amiens, the first stage of the Hundred Days Offensive.

Second Battle of the Marne

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The final phase of the Spring Offensive (also known as the Second Battle of the Marne) fails when the Germans are counter-attacked by the French.

Battle of Matz

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During the fourth phase of the Spring Offensive (also known as Operation Gneiseau), the German attack is defeated by the Allies.

Battle of Belleau Wood

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Part of the Spring Offensive: The Allies halt another German attack at the Battle of Belleau Wood.

Third Battle of the Aisne

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During the third phase of the Spring Offensive (also known as Operation Blücher-Yorck or the Third Battle of the Aisne), the German advance is halted after early gains.

Second Battle of Kemmel

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Part of the Spring Offensive: The British and French resist another German attack at the Second Battle of Kemmel.

Battle of Bethune

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Part of the Spring Offensive: German attacks are repulsed by the Allies at the Battle of Bethune.

First Battle of Kemmel

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Part of the Spring Offensive: German attacks are repulsed by the Allies at the First Battle of Kemmel.

Battle of Bailleul

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Part of the Spring Offensive: Despite stiffening resistance, the Germans make further gains following the Battle of Bailleul.

Battle of Estaires

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Part of the Spring Offensive: The Germans enjoy success against British and Portuguese forces at the Battle of Estaires.

German offensive in Flanders

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The second phase of the Spring Offensive (also known as Operation Georgette or the Battle of the Lys) sees German advances in Belgium.

Battle of the Ancre

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Part of the Spring Offensive: A final German thrust towards Amiens is checked during the Battle of the Ancre.

Battle of the Avre

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Part of the Spring Offensive: Despite nearly reaching Amiens, the Germans are held at the Battle of the Avre.

Royal Air Force formed

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The Royal Air Force (RAF) is founded by combining the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service.

First Battle of Arras

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Part of the Spring Offensive: The First Battle of Arras sees German attacks slowed down by the Allies.

Battle of Rosières

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Part of the Spring Offensive: The Germans enjoy further gains following the Battle of Rosières.

‘Spanish flu’ outbreak

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The first case of ‘Spanish influenza’ is recorded in the United States. In the next two years well over 50 million people die as the movement of soldiers and civilians spreads the disease globally.

Brest-Litovsk Treaty

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Leon Trotsky signs a punitive peace treaty with Germany on behalf of Bolshevik Russia.

Capture of Jericho

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British Empire troops capture the Ottoman-controlled city of Jericho in Palestine.

British women given vote

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The Representation of the People Act 1918 is given Royal Assent, giving the vote to women over 30.

President Wilson’s Fourteen Points

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US President Woodrow Wilson publishes his ‘Fourteen Points’ outlining a post-war world based on free trade, open diplomacy, democracy and self-determination.